"When Writers Speak" by Arthur Krystal

     "When Writers Speak" discusses how talented people perform when trying to do something that is out of their element. The world expects writers to be outstanding at anything that deals with words, and this essay attempts to convince the public that that is not true. Arthur Krystal, a writer who knows what it feels like to be out of his element, wishes to share his message with the entire world, so he writes to a broad audience: anyone high school age or above should be able to read and understand his essay. He uses "When Writers Speak" to teach a lesson: people often make mistakes when they are in unfamiliar situations, and they should be forgiven for that.
To convey his message to his readers, Krystal uses his own experiences with speaking (as opposed to writing) as examples. This shows readers that he understands what he's talking about. He states, "I'm willing to bet that more gray matter starts quivering when I sit down to write than when I stand up to speak. ... How do I know this? Because I'm writing!" Readers are much more likely to accept Krystal's message when they see that he has experience with being out of his element.
Krystal also uses examples from famous writers' lives to teach his lesson. He writes, "Not bad, I think ... In fact, a damned good line to come up with off the cuff. But wait! ... [Vladimir Nabokov's] turning over index cards. He's glancing at notes. He's reading." By showing that other people (perhaps people his audience has heard of or even look up to) are in the same situation as him, Krystal shows that his message affects many people.
Arthur Krystal effectively achieves his purpose of teaching a lesson through the use of ethical and logical appeal. By demonstrating that he and many other writers have been out of their elements before, he teaches his audience that they should forgive anyone for behaving incorrectly or making mistakes when they are in an unfamiliar situation.

Fish Out of Water:

In unfamiliar situations, people often feel like a "fish out of water", and Krystal's message tries to lessen that feeling.

(Source: http://www.masterfile.com/stock-photography/image/653-02634344/A-goldfish-outside-of-a-fishbowl)